و كان الزارع يحدث بعض أصدقائه – ذات يوم – بأنه عازم على قتل حماره. فسمع الحمار كلام سيده – لحسن حظه – فخاف على نفسه و فكر في الهرب من بيت سيده إلى إحدى الغابات , لقضى فيها أيامه
الباقية آمنا من شر الناس و غدرهم.
One day, the farmer spoke with some of his friends, about how he decided to kill his donkey. The donkey, due to its great fortune, heard the words of his master, and feared for its life, it thought about fleeing from the house of his master to one of the forests, to spend the rest of his days safe from the evils of men and their plots.
Mansubat:
ذات يوم
آمنا
In chapter 1, he discussed two of the mansubat, maful bihi, and the khabr of kana here we are introduced to two more. Maf’ul fihi and hal. Maf’ul fihi is also called zarf, it specifies a time or a place of action (verb). It is not required, nor is it usually more than one or two words. Jarr Majrur needs a harf to do this, Mafu’l fihi just needs to be declined as nasb.
“One day, the
farmer spoke with some of his friends”
When did the farmer speak with
his friends?
Some unspecified day.
Hal is a state in which a verb is done. It is either represented as one word or a sentence. A sentence requires a special waw known as waw of hal, a word can just be rendered in the accusative in order to give the meaning of a state, much like English adverbs.
“to spend the rest of his days safe”
How did the donkey wish to
spend the rest of his days?
Safely
Khabr of Kana
Last time we discussed and mentioned how the khabr of kana is mansub (declined with nasb/accusative). In this lesson we can see from the very first sentence, that the khabr of kana is not limited to one word, Kana and its sisters are af’al naqisah, meaning the act very much like verbs as illustrated by the color choices, the ‘ism’ acts like a fa’il, the khabr like a maf’ul bihi, and just like a maf’ul bihi, the khabr of kana can also be an entire sentence or idea.
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